Table 2 Summary of noble metal-free 2D carbon-based electrocatalysts for OER

NPF-Graphene

OER

Annealing

0.1 M KOH

1.62

1.82

136

[89]

N-GRW

OER

Pyrolysis

1.0 M KOH

–

0.36

47

[81]

NFGN

OER

Annealing

1.0 M KOH

1.45

1.55

78

[90]

NMG

OER

CVD

0.1 M KOH

–

1.66

–

[82]

EG/Co(OH)₂

OER

Hydrothermal

1.0 M KOH

–

1.53

63

[135]

BN-NC

OER

Annealing

0.1 M KOH

–

1.65

–

[86]

CQD/Graphene

OER

Solvothermal

1.0 M KOH

–

1.57

44

[179]

N-carbon

OER

Pyrolysis

1.0 M KOH

–

0.38

–

[109]

FeN₄/CF/EG

OER

Carbonization

0.5 M H₂SO₄

–

0.29

129

[6]

Co-BNC

OER

Carbonization

1.0 M KOH

–

0.30

70

[180]

Co-Graphene

OER

Soft template

0.1 M KOH

–

0.35

83.3

[115]

Co₃O₄/GCN

OER

Annealing

0.1 M KOH

–

0.12

76

[181]

N-doped graphene

OER

CVD

0.1 M KOH

–

1.6

83

[30]

CoP/N,P-Graphene

OER

Pyrolysis

1.0 M KOH

–

0.27

54

[149]

N,P-graphene

OER

Pyrolysis

0.1 M KOH

–

1.57

70

[87]

VCN/FeOOH

OER

Carbonization

0.1 M KOH

–

0.17

57

[153]

Defect graphene

OER

Annealing

1.0 M KOH

–

1.57

97

[85]

Ni@NC

OER

Annealing

1.0 M KOH

–

0.28

45

[176]

Co₃O₄/NPC

OER

Carbonization

0.1 M KOH

1.47

1.5

70

[182]